The Iberian Lynx has it's name as it was once found all along the Iberian Peninsula, however nowadays the population of this species resides mainly in two small groups in Spain.
The Iberian Lynx is 'Critically Endangered', with only around 300 adults still in the wild, compared to the 1,136 individuals in 1988, and these numbers make this Lynx species the first feline species to come so close to extinction since the Saber-toothed Tiger's extinction 10,000 years ago!
The main threats to the Iberian Lynx include:
1. Decrease in food source
These lynxes feed mostly on rabbits and epidemics such as Myxamatosis are killing off rabbit populations leaving a scarce food source for the lynxes.
2. Loss of Habitat
The lynx's habitat is being cut down and replaced with roads, railways, dams and more leaving less habitat for these lynxes to survive in.
3. Hunting
Even though they have been legally protected against hunting for around 40 years the Iberian Lynx still gets hunted for it's fur due to it's attractive pattern, and some are killed by accident due to traps set for other animals.
4. Cars
Since their habitat is becoming roads more are straying onto highways and being hit by cars. 10 lynxes have been killed by cars in a decade, which doesn't seem like a lot, but keeping in mind how small the population now is, it does make a dent.
There is a captive breeding programme running to help raise the numbers in populations which is supported by WWF - They are also helping by protecting habitat, such as Spain's Coto Donana Wetlands.
If you visit WWF's Iberian Lynx page there is an option to donate an amount of your choice.
BP in Spain is also helping by using their resources to aid Iberian Lynx programs and advertising about the lynxes.
There are even hopes by conservationists to resort to Embryo Implantation and raise the population before it is extinct by inserting fertilised Iberian Lynx eggs into a Eurasian Lynx female!
References:
http://www.arkive.org/iberian-lynx/lynx-pardinus/
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/species/profiles/mammals/iberian_lynx/
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12520/0
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/24/iberian-lynx-endangered_n_2946044.html